EXTERNAL
PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD REMOTE ACTIVATION
OF NANOCOMPOSITE
MICROCAPSULES FORMED FROM THE LIPIDS, POLYMERS AND CONDUCTIVE
NANOPARTICLES
Yu. V. Gulyaev1, V. A. Cherepenin1, V. A. Vdovin1,
I. V. Taranov1, V. V. Faykin1, V. I. Tyukavin1,
V. P. Kim2, Yu. A. Koksharov2, P. A. Kormakova2,
K. V. Potapenkov2,
A. A. Rakhnyanskaya3, A. V. Sybachin3, E. G.
Yaroslavova3, A. A.Yaroslavov3, G. B. Khomutov1,2
1 Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics
of RAS, Moscow
2 Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
3 Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University
The paper is received on November 10, 2014
Abstract.
In the paper we present results on the design,
preparation and characterization of novel nanocomposite hybrid systems
sensitive to external non-thermal electric field pulses and perspective for
capsulation, targeted transport, controlled spatial localization and
stimuli-addressed delivery of various compounds in aqueous media. The systems
were formed from lipids, new functional amphiphilic molecules, polymers and
conducting nanoparticles and were based on cationic liposomes containing
electroneutral biogenic lipids and specific synthetic amphiphilic polyamine
molecules which provide the binding of polyanions and functional inorganic
nanoparticles with liposomes. In the present work cationic liposomes were
formed from phosphatidylcholine and contained up to 20% of cationic amphiphilic
compound stearylspermine. Magnetite Fe3O4
nanoparticles were used as magnetic conducting inorganic nanoparticles,
polystyrene sulfonate was used as a polyanion.
Nanocomposite capsules were prepared by sequential
adsorption of colloid inorganic nanoparticles and polyanions onto the cationic
hybrid liposomes presynthesized using conventional ultrasound technique. The fabricated nanostructures have been
studied using a number of techniques including transmission electron
microscopy, atomic force microscopy, electron mafnetic resonance, laser light
scattering, electrophoresis, conductometry, etc. With the aim of additional
control of decapsulation resulting from the non-thermal electric pulse effect
on the prepared nanocomposite liposomes the NaCl solution was placed in the
liposomal internal volume. In the present work we describe the results of the
study of possibilities for remote activation of nanocomposite liposomes via
action of short high voltage electric pulses (duration ~ 1 ns, electric field strength about hundreds kV/m).
The model describing the mechanism of interaction of
nanostructured liposomes containing the conducting nanoparticles on their
surface with external electric field resulting in substantial changes of
liposome structure is proposed. The evaluations of external electric field critical
values resulting in nanocomposite liposomes decapsulation have been carried
out. The data obtained point to the possibilities for creation of nanocomposite
hybrid liposomes and vesicules on the base of complexes of lipids, polymers and
nanoparticles which are characterized in that their shell structure and
permeability can be changed controllably by effect of non-thermal electric
pulses. Such nanosystems can be a base for creation of novel efficient tools
for capsulation, targeted transport and controlled delivery of various
compounds in aqueous phases prospective for bio-medical and other
applications.
Keywords: capsules, liposomes, structure, nanoparticles, magnetite Fe3O4,
polyelectrolytes,
pulse
electric field.
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