Abstract. In this paper, a coherent model of thermal microwave emission is
proposed, which allows, with an error not worse than 0.51 K and a Pearson
coefficient of 0.999, to describe the brightness temperature of a
non-isothermal active layer with a layered dielectric constant structure. At a
frequency of 1.4 GHz the features of radio-thermal emission of the active
tundra topsoil with a high content of organic matter were researched depending
on the bulk dry density, moisture content and profile of soil temperature. The
proposed coherent model of radiothermal emission and a generalized dielectric
model of tundra soil with a high content of organic matter were used in this
research. It has been established that the magnitude of the polarization index
at fixed values of soil density and moisture is determined only by the surface
temperature of the topsoil and does not depend on the kind of temperature
profile. The effective temperature of the soil carries the basic information
about the heterogeneous structure of the active layer. It is shown that the
possibility of identifying various soil temperature profiles, as well as
measuring the temperature distribution in the surface part of the active layer
of tundra soil can be carried out on the basis of polarimetric
angular-dependencies of the radio-brightness temperature with an error of about
3K. At the same time, polarimetric angular-dependencies of brightness
temperature also make it possible to determine the sign of the gradient of
temperature profiles in the active topsoil. The accuracy of measuring of the
soil temperature is limited by the accuracy of radio-brightness temperature
observation, the uncertainty of soil moisture and density in the footprint
area. If the volumetric soil moisture is known with an error of 0.04 cm3/cm3
or the soil density - with an error of 0.1 g/cm3, then the error in
temperature retrieval increases by factors of 2 and 1.5, respectively, in the
soil moisture range of 0.2-0.4 cm3/cm3 and 0.4-0.6 cm3/cm3.
It is shown that for characteri stic temperature gradients of 0.4-1ºÑ/cm
in the active topsoil thickness of 10 cm the thickness of the tundra soil layer
forming the thermal radiation decreases by factor of 2.5 from 10cm to 4 cm at
increasing of surface soil temperature from -30ºÑ ÷ -20º Ñ to
-10º Ñ ÷-5º Ñ in the case of given values of soil density and
moisture of 0.15 g/cm3 and 0.42 cm3/cm3,
respectively. For all the temperature profiles considered, the thickness of the
emission layer linearly decreases by factor of 1.5 with an increasing of soil
moisture content by factor of 3 from 0.2 cm3/cm3 to 0.6 cm3/cm3,
and with an increasing of soil density more than 10 times from 0.05 cm3/cm3
to 0.8 cm3/cm3, the thickness of the emission layer
decreases by factor of 3. In the future, the authors plan to investigate issues
related to the formation of radio-thermal emission from the active layer of
frozen soils, taking into account the density and moisture profiles in the
organic and mineral horizon of the tundra active topsoil.
Key words: radiometry,
Arctic, radio-brightness temperature, active layer, permittivity, organic
soils, soil temperature, soil moisture.
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