Journal of Radio Electronics. eISSN 1684-1719. 2026. ¹5

Contents

Full text in Russian (pdf)

Russian page

 

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2026.5.5

 

 

 

OPTIMIZATION OF MEGAWATT GYROTRON PARAMETERS
TO INCREASE OUTPUT POWER
WHILE MAINTAINING THERMAL LOADS

 

G.G. Denisov1, I.V. Zheleznov1, I.V. Zotova1, M.Yu. Glyavin1, A.S. Zuev1,
A.S. Sergeev1, A.V. Kirsanov1,2, D.D. Krygina1

 

1Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the RAS,
603951, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Ul'yanov str., 46

2Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod,
603022, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin ave., 23

 

The paper was received April 20, 2026.

 

Abstract. Based on numerical simulation, the parameters of a megawatt gyrotron with operating frequency of 170 GHz and the operating mode TE25,10 were optimized to increase the output power up to 1.2 MW while maintaining an acceptable level of peak Ohmic loads on the cavity wall. This result is achieved by increasing the beam current while shortening the length of the regular part of the resonator. At the same time, the thermal load in the resonator remains at an acceptable level. The optimal relation between the resonator length and the operating current was found, taking into account the limitations of the cathode emission capacity. The obtained data can be used to implement a gyrotron with increased power, corresponding to the new requirements for the ITER plasma heating system, while maintaining the configuration of the cathode unit and quasi-optical converter.

Key words: gyrotrons, increasing the power of microwave radiation, controlled thermonuclear fusion, diffraction and ohmic quality factors.

Financing: The work was carried out within the framework of the IAP RAS project FFUF-2022-0007 “Creation of powerful sources of electromagnetic radiation in the ECR range”.

Corresponding author: Zheleznov Ilya Vladimirovich, heleznoviv@ipfran.ru

 References

1. Litvak A. G., Denisov G. G., Glyavin M. Y. Russian gyrotrons: Achievements and trends //IEEE Journal of Microwaves. – 2021. – Ò. 1. – ¹. 1. – Ñ. 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2020.3030917

2. Thumm M. K. A. et al. High-power gyrotrons for electron cyclotron heating and current drive //Nuclear Fusion. – 2019. – Ò. 59. – ¹. 7. – Ñ. 073001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab2005

3. Thumm M. State-of-the-art of high-power gyro-devices: 2025 update of experimental results //Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. – 2025. – Ò. 46. – ¹. 6. – Ñ. 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-025-01042-y

4. Xu H. et al. ECRH system upgrade design using dual frequency gyrotrons for EAST //Fusion Engineering and Design. – 2021. – Ò. 164. – Ñ. 112222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112222

5. Delpech L. et al. A new 3MW ECRH system at 105 GHz for WEST //Fusion Engineering and Design. – 2023. – Ò. 186. – Ñ. 113360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113360

6. Zapevalov V. E. et al. Development of 170 GHz/1 MW Russian gyrotron for ITER //Fusion Engineering and Design. – 2001. – Ò. 53. – ¹. 1-4. – Ñ. 377-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00513-5

7. Darbos C. et al. ECRH system for ITER //AIP Conference Proceedings. – American Institute of Physics, 2009. – Ò. 1187. – ¹. 1. – Ñ. 531-538. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3273807

8. https://www.iter.org/machine/supporting-systems/external-heating-systems

9. Zapevalov V. E. et al. Low-Q cavities for high-power gyrotrons //Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. – 1994. – Ò. 37. – ¹. 3. – Ñ. 233-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054033

10. Gyrotrons: collection of scientific papers / ed. A. V. Gaponova-Grekhova. – Gorky: Institute of Applied Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. – 1981. – 232 p. (In Russian)

11. Nusinovich G. S., Khizhnyak V. I. On the selection of optimal parameters of gyrotrons operating in the mode of generating a continuous signal or long-duration pulses // Electronic engineering. Series 1: Microwave engineering – 1990. – No. 9 – P. 29. (In Russian)

12. Zapevalov V. E. et al. Development of a prototype of a multi-frequency megawatt gyrotron in the range 105-156 GHz // Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 2004. – V. 47. – Nos. 5–6. – P. 396-404. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RAQE.0000046313.84364.3C

13. Bandurkin I. et al. Development of third-harmonic 1.2-THz gyrotron with intentionally increased velocity spread of electrons // IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. – 2020. – Ò. 67. – ¹. 10. – Ñ. 4432-4436. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2020.3012524

14. Goldenberg A. L. et al. Energy spectra of electrons and depressed potential collector in gyrotrons //International journal of infrared and millimeter waves. – 1997. – Ò. 18. – ¹. 1. – Ñ. 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02677896

15. Denisov G. G. et al. Phase-locking of second-harmonic gyrotrons for providing MW-level output power //IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. – 2021. – Ò. 69. – ¹. 2. – Ñ. 754-758. https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2021.3134187

For citation:

Denisov G.G., Zheleznov I.V., Zotova I.V., Glyavin M.Yu., Zuev A.S., Sergeev A.S., Kirsanov A.V., Krygina D.D. Optimization of megawatt gyrotron parameters to increase output power while maintaining thermal loads. // Journal of Radio Electronics. – 2026. – ¹. 5. https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2026.5.5 (In Russian)