Journal of Radio Electronics. eISSN 1684-1719. 2025. №11

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2025.11.42

 

 

 

REFRACTOMETRIC APPLICATIONS

OF FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS

FORMED WITH FEMTOSECOND PULSED LASER RADIATION

 

K.A. Tomyshev, E.I. Dolzhenko, O.V. Butov

 

Kotelnikov IRE RAS

125009, Russia, Mokhovaya str., 11, b.7

 

The paper was received September 23, 2025.

 

Abstract. The paper is devoted to an experimental study regarding spectral characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings formed with pulsed laser with femtosecond-long pulse duration. Such intrafiber Bragg gratings effectively transfer the energy of the core mode to the cladding which is facilitated by the features of the structure. It results in emergence of cladding modes, the parameters of which depend on the refractive index of the external medium, and such is the operating principle of fiber optical refractometers. In the course of the study several unique spectral features were discovered, creating advantageous over other more common fiber solutions, such as tilted fiber Bragg gratings. The most important characteristic is the ultrawide range of observed spectral cut-off, which renders possible to measure refractive indexes from 1 to 1,4. Sensor’s response was demonstrated to linear to high degree over the entire operating range. Possibility of measuring refractive indexes of gases under high pressure, demonstrated with nitrogen as an example, also deserves a special mention. The study’s results clearly show the advantages of femtosecond-inscribed fiber Bragg gratings for the purposes of fiber refractometry.

Key words: femtosecond inscription, Bragg grating, fiber refractometer.

Financing: The research was conducted within the framework of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE) Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) State Task.

Corresponding author: Dolzhenko Egor Igorevich, dolzhenko@phystech.edu

 

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For citation:

Tomyshev K.A., Dolzhenko E.I., Butov O.V. Refractometric applications of Fiber Bragg Gratings formed with femtosecond pulsed laser radiation // Journal of Radio Electronics. – 2025. – № 11. https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2025.11.42 (In Russian)