THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPOSPHERIC AND IONOSPHERIC SATELLITE 
        COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
        
        L. E. 
        Nazarov, V. V. Batanov, Z. T. Nazarova
        
        
        Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio-Engineering and 
        Electronics of RAS, Fryazino branch
        
        
         
        
The paper is 
received on September  
8, 2015
        
        
        
 
Abstract. This paper presents description
for models of tropospheric
and ionospheric satellite communication channels. These models deals with radio wave
signal propagation effects in atmosphere including refraction, Doppler
frequency shift and time delay.
        
        
        
Key words:  ionosphere, troposphere,
refraction, time delay.