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Журнал радиоэлектроники Электронный научный журнал · eISSN 1684-1719
2021, № 5 · БИОМЕДИЦИНСКАЯ РАДИОЭЛЕКТРОНИКА

Практика и перспективы применения сверхчувствительных магнитометров в биомедицинских исследованиях

Ю.В. Масленников1,2,3

1 Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В.Пушкова РАН, Москва, Россия
2 ИРЭ им. В.А. Котельникова РАН, Москва, Россия
3 НПО КРИОТОН, Москва, Россия
Полный текст (PDF) УДК 621.317.445 EDN PGWWZI

Аннотация

Исследования и разработки по использованию магнитометров и магнитных методов измерений в медицине ведутся уже более 50 лет. Основная сложность исследования магнитных сигналов, генерируемых живыми организмами, состоит в том, что их амплитуды очень малы. Так, амплитуда R-пика магнитокардиограммы, регистрируемой бесконтактно над грудной клеткой человека, составляет всего около 50-100 пикоТесла, что примерно в миллион раз меньше величины магнитного поля Земли. Многолетняя практика показала, что для регистрации генерируемых в организме человека биомагнитных сигналов с необходимым отношением «сигнал-шум», магнитометры должны обладать уровнями собственной чувствительности порядка нескольких фемтоТесла в единичной полосе частот. На сегодняшний день подобные значения могут обеспечить лишь магнитометры на основе СКВИДов (СКВИД - сверхпроводниковый квантовый интерференционный датчик) и квантовые магнитометры с оптической накачкой (КМОН). Настоящая статья не является детальным обзором медицинских приборов на основе СКВИД-датчиков и КМОН, и не содержит подробного описания физических принципов, на которых основано их функционирование. Об этом читатели могут прочитать в источниках, ссылки на которые приведены в тексте. В обзоре обозначены значимые с точки зрения автора направления использования подобной магнитометрической аппаратуры и методов магнитных измерений в клинической практике, приведены примеры уже существующих технических решений, применяемых в биомедицинских исследованиях, и отмечены возможные пути их дальнейшего развития.

  • биомагнетизм
  • биомедицина
  • биомедицинские исследования
  • ПТ-СКВИД
  • магнитометры на основе сквидов
  • квантовые магнитометры с оптической накачкой
  • магнитные наномаркеры
  • магнитные наночастицы
Abstract (in English)

Practice and perspectives of using ultrasensitive magnetometers in biomedical research

There are a large number of sensors for measuring the magnetic field of biological objects. They are characterized by the type of the measured physical parameter (magnetic field strength, magnetic flux, etc.), the level of intrinsic sensitivity, and the frequency range of the recorded signals. The long-term practice of studying biomagnetic signals shows that only SQUID-based magnetometers and optically pumped magnetometers have sensitivity levels sufficient for recording biomagnetic signals with the required signal-to-noise ratio. This chapter reflects the main directions of using such magnetometers and methods of magnetic measurements in biomedical research, gives examples of existing technical solutions, and shows possible ways of their further development.

Для цитирования

Масленников Ю.В. Практика и перспективы применения сверхчувствительных магнитометров в биомедицинских исследованиях // Журнал радиоэлектроники. – 2021. – № 5.

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