Practical aspects of creating a quantum standard of current

I. A. Cohn, A. N. Vystavkin, A. S. Ilin, A. G. Kovalenko

Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics of RAS, Mokhovaya 11, Moscow 125009, Russia

                                            

The paper is received on December 22, 2016

 

Abstract. The realization of the quantum metrology triangle offers a great breakthrough in metrology. Moreover, it will aid in the refinement of fundamental constants, namely the elementary charge and the Planck constant. Currently, there are no commercially available fundamental current sources, unlike those for frequency and voltage. We review single electron devices designs, which  are suitable as a current standard for the quantum metrology triangle. Quantum dot semiconductor electron pumps offer a best combination of ampacity and accuracy. The main component of such devices is a single-dimensional wire, on which is turned into a series of quantum dots with electrostatic gates. Different are fabrication technology concepts are compared. Top-down fabrication offers excellent placement control, however  requires expensive equipment. Bottom-up fabrication allows nanowire mass production, with a possibility of different doping zones in-situ. The main drawback is the transfer of the nanowires to a substrate and the subsequent integration into the measurement circuit.

Key words: single electron devices, electron pump, one-dimensional structures, nanowire, current standard, high resolution lithography.

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Reference to this paper:

Practical aspects of creating a quantum standard of current. I. A. Cohn, A. N. Vystavkin, A. S. Ilin, A. G. Kovalenko. Zhurnal Radioelektroniki - Journal of Radio Electronics, 2017, No. 1. Available at http://jre.cplire.ru/jre/jan17/5/text.pdf. (In Russian)