Journal of Radio Electronics. eISSN 1684-1719. 2026. ¹7

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2026.7.15

 

 

 

PECULIARITIES OF EXCITATION

OF A MULTILEVEL ARTIFICIAL ATOM

BY QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

 

I.A. Solovykh 1,2, O.V. Tikhonova 1,2,3,

A.V. Pashchenko 4,5, I.I. Soloviev 2,3, N.V. Klenov 4

 

1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics,

119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1 str. 2

2 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics,

119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskie Gory, 1 str. 2

3 Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS,

125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya st., 11 str. 7

4 Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics,

111024, Russia, Moscow, Aviamotornaya st., 8a

5 Dukhov Automatics Research Institute, 127030, Russia, Moscow, Sushchevskaya st., 22

 

The paper was received June 9, 2026.

 

Abstract. We investigate the dynamics of superconducting transmon-based artificial atom under the influence of quantum and classical microwave fields, revealing fundamental differences in their interaction mechanisms. A classical field, acting as an unlimited energy reservoir, sequentially populates the transmon levels, resulting in a Poissonian distribution of level populations. In contrast, a quantum field with its discrete structure and finite photon number exhibits oscillatory population dynamics with a binomial probability distribution, enabling the transfer of quantum statistics between the field and the atom. In the strong coupling regime and with optimal frequency detuning, the quantum field demonstrates the ability to selectively and efficiently populate specific transmon levels, a feature inaccessible to its classical counterpart. These distinctions highlight the potential of transmon qudits as quantum interfaces and detectors of non-classical microwave states in distributed quantum computing architectures.

Key words: Josephson effect, superconductivity, artificial atoms, transmon qudit, quantum electromagnetic field, microwave quantum optics.

Financing: The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-15-2024-538).

Corresponding author: Klenov Nikolay Viktorovich, nvklenov@mail.ru

 

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For citation:

Solovykh I.A., Tikhonova O.V., Pashchenko A.V., Soloviev I.I., Klenov N.V. Peculiarities of excitation of a multilevel artificial atom by quantum and classical electromagnetic fields // Journal of Radio Electronics. – 2026. – ¹. 7. https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2026.7.15 (In Russian)