Компьютерное моделирование электрической проводимости полимерных композитов с углеродным наполнителем
Аннотация
Проводящие полимерные композиты с углеродным наполнителем активно используются в электронных устройствах для экранировки различных узлов. Технический углерод является одним из самых дешевых материалов, используемых в качестве наполнителя и обеспечивающих электрическую проводимость. В статье исследуется электрическая проводимость полимерных композитных материалов с наполнителем из технического углерода (сажи) методом компьютерного моделирования. Предложен новый подход к формированию агломератов частиц углерода на основе метода Монте-Карло. Агломераты обладают электрической проводимостью в силу своего состава и структуры. При моделировании учитывается два механизма проводимости между агломератами. Электрический ток проходит при непосредственном контакте между частицами агломератов. Также возможен туннельный эффект для электронов между соседними агломератами при малом расстоянии между ними. При моделировании вводится максимальное расстояние между агломератами, обеспечивающее электрическую проводимость. На основе поиска проводящих контактов между агломератами вводится граф, соответствующий электрической сети, образуемой агломератами внутри образца композитного материала. Поиск проводящих путей осуществляется с помощью алгоритма кластеризации графа, выявляющего подмножество связанных агломератов. Исследованы системы с различной концентрацией частиц технического углерода. В рамках компьютерного эксперимента получена зависимость вероятности возникновения электропроводящих путей от концентрации частиц технического углерода. Показано, что в системе происходит электрическая перколяция, переводящая композит из диэлектрического состояния в проводящее. Перколяционный переход происходит в интервале значения объемной концентрации от 5 % до 15 %. При объемных концентрациях частиц углерода выше 15 % проводящие пути образуются с вероятностью равной единице и композитный материал становится проводником. Полученные значения хорошо согласуются с экспериментальными данными. Отличие предложенной модели от разработанных ранее состоит в учете структуры, формы и разброса значений размеров агломератов. Такое уточнение модели позволяет повысит согласие результатов моделирования с экспериментальными данными. Поиск проводящих путей на основе алгоритма кластеризации дает не только длину пути, но и позволяет учитывать изменение толщины проводящей цепочки агломератов.
- проводимость композитов
- компьютерное моделирование
- метод Монте-Карло
Abstract (in English)
Computer simulation of electrical conductivity in polymer composites with carbon filler
Conductive polymer composites with carbon filler are actively used in electronic devices for shielding various nodes. Carbon black is one of the cheapest materials used as a filler and provides electrical conductivity. The article examines electrical conductivity in polymer composite materials with carbon black filler by computer simulation. A new approach to the formation of carbon particles agglomerates based on the Monte Carlo method is proposed. Agglomerates have electrical conductivity due to their composition and structure. The simulation suggests two conduction mechanisms between the agglomerates. Electric current passes through direct contact between particles of agglomerates. A tunneling effect is also possible for electrons between neighbor agglomerates with a small distance between them. In the simulation, the maximum distance between the agglomerates is entered to ensure electrical conductivity. Based on the search for conductive contacts between the agglomerates, a graph corresponding to the electrical network formed by the agglomerates within the composite sample is inserted. The search for conducting paths is carried out using a graph clustering algorithm that reveals a subset of connected agglomerates. Systems with different concentrations of carbon black particles have been investigated. A dependence of the probability of the occurrence of electroconductive paths on the concentration of carbon black particles was obtained in computer experiment. It is shown that electrical percolation takes place in the system, transforming the composite from a dielectric state into a conductive one. Percolation transition occurs in the range of volume concentration from 5 % to 15 %. At volume concentrations of carbon particles above 15 %, conductive paths are formed with a probability of unity and the composite material becomes a conductor. The obtained values are in good agreement with the experimental data. The difference between the proposed model and the previously developed one is taking into account the structure, shape and spread of the agglomerate sizes. This refinement of the model will increase the agreement of the simulation results with the experimental data. The search for conductive paths based on the clustering algorithm gives not only the path length, but also allows you to take into account the change in the thickness of the agglomerates conductive chain.
Для цитирования
Белим С.В. Компьютерное моделирование электрической проводимости полимерных композитов с углеродным наполнителем // Журнал радиоэлектроники. – 2026. – № 8. https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2026.8.11
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