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Journal of Radio Electronics Online scientific journal · eISSN 1684-1719
2026, № 2 · RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

On the calculation of the radiation pattern of an elementary loop antenna located in the Earth's ionosphere

A.V. Moshkov1

1 Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Moscow, Russia
Full text DOI: 10.30898/1684-1719.2026.2.2 UDC 537.872.32 EDN AHPUTF

Abstract

A low-frequency loop antenna located in the ionosphere can be used as an effective tool for plasma diagnostics and radio communications. The problem of finding the far field of an antenna is a magnetoplasma such as the ionosphere was solved by several workers earlier. It was shown that the results may be reformulated in a simpler manner to express them in terms of the normalized characteristic plane waves of the medium. This has the advantage of showing clearly how the far field depends on the free space pattern of the antenna, on the shape of the dispersion surface, namely, on the curvature characteristics of this surface. The purpose of this work is to explicitly express in general terms the dependence of the radiation pattern of the elementary loop antenna on the Gaussian radius of curvature of the dispersion surface. Cold plasma approximation is used without explicit limitations on wave frequency and direction. For this purpose, coefficients of the first and the second fundamental forms at any point of dispersion surface are calculated. As an illustration, the results of calculating the radiation pattern of the loop antenna in the frequency interval 1...100 kHz are given. A corresponding computational algorithm is formulated.

  • ionosphere
  • loop antenna
  • radiation pattern
  • dispersion surface
  • Gaussian radius of curvature
Аннотация (на русском)

О вычислении диаграммы направленности элементарной рамочной антенны, расположенной в ионосфере Земли

Вычислены коэффициенты первой и второй квадратичной формы, а также гауссов радиус кривизны, поверхности волновых нормалей электромагнитной волны, распространяющейся в холодной многокомпонентной гиротропной ионосферной плазме в произвольном направлении в широком диапазоне частот. Приведена простая и наглядная процедура вычисления диаграммы направленности элементарной рамочной антенны, расположенной в ионосфере.

For citation

Moshkov A.V. On the calculation of the radiation pattern of an elementary loop antenna located in the Earth's ionosphere // Journal of Radio Electronics. – 2026. – No. 2. https://doi.org/10.30898/1684-1719.2026.2.2

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